picomap/firmware/include/msgpack.h

#pragma once
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdint>
#include <expected>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <memory>
#include <string_view>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <vector>

namespace msgpack {

enum class error_code {
  overflow,
  empty,
  lack,
  invalid,
  type_error,
};

namespace format {
  constexpr uint8_t POSITIVE_FIXINT_MIN = 0x00;
  constexpr uint8_t POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX = 0x7F;
  constexpr uint8_t FIXMAP_MIN          = 0x80;
  constexpr uint8_t FIXMAP_MAX          = 0x8F;
  constexpr uint8_t FIXARRAY_MIN        = 0x90;
  constexpr uint8_t FIXARRAY_MAX        = 0x9F;
  constexpr uint8_t FIXSTR_MIN          = 0xA0;
  constexpr uint8_t FIXSTR_MAX          = 0xBF;
  constexpr uint8_t NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MIN = 0xE0;
  constexpr uint8_t NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MAX = 0xFF;

  constexpr uint8_t NIL         = 0xC0;
  constexpr uint8_t NEVER_USED = 0xC1;
  constexpr uint8_t FALSE       = 0xC2;
  constexpr uint8_t TRUE        = 0xC3;
  constexpr uint8_t BIN8        = 0xC4;
  constexpr uint8_t BIN16       = 0xC5;
  constexpr uint8_t BIN32       = 0xC6;
  constexpr uint8_t EXT8        = 0xC7;
  constexpr uint8_t EXT16       = 0xC8;
  constexpr uint8_t EXT32       = 0xC9;
  constexpr uint8_t FLOAT32     = 0xCA;
  constexpr uint8_t FLOAT64     = 0xCB;
  constexpr uint8_t UINT8       = 0xCC;
  constexpr uint8_t UINT16      = 0xCD;
  constexpr uint8_t UINT32      = 0xCE;
  constexpr uint8_t UINT64      = 0xCF;
  constexpr uint8_t INT8        = 0xD0;
  constexpr uint8_t INT16       = 0xD1;
  constexpr uint8_t INT32       = 0xD2;
  constexpr uint8_t INT64       = 0xD3;
  constexpr uint8_t FIXEXT1     = 0xD4;
  constexpr uint8_t FIXEXT2     = 0xD5;
  constexpr uint8_t FIXEXT4     = 0xD6;
  constexpr uint8_t FIXEXT8     = 0xD7;
  constexpr uint8_t FIXEXT16    = 0xD8;
  constexpr uint8_t STR8        = 0xD9;
  constexpr uint8_t STR16       = 0xDA;
  constexpr uint8_t STR32       = 0xDB;
  constexpr uint8_t ARRAY16     = 0xDC;
  constexpr uint8_t ARRAY32     = 0xDD;
  constexpr uint8_t MAP16       = 0xDE;
  constexpr uint8_t MAP32       = 0xDF;

  constexpr bool is_positive_fixint(uint8_t b) { return b <= POSITIVE_FIXINT_MAX; }
  constexpr bool is_fixmap(uint8_t b)          { return b >= FIXMAP_MIN && b <= FIXMAP_MAX; }
  constexpr bool is_fixarray(uint8_t b)        { return b >= FIXARRAY_MIN && b <= FIXARRAY_MAX; }
  constexpr bool is_fixstr(uint8_t b)          { return b >= FIXSTR_MIN && b <= FIXSTR_MAX; }
  constexpr bool is_negative_fixint(uint8_t b) { return b >= NEGATIVE_FIXINT_MIN; }
} // namespace format

template <typename T>
using result = std::expected<T, error_code>;

template <typename T>
result<T> body_number(const uint8_t *p, int size) {
  if (size < 1 + static_cast<int>(sizeof(T))) {
    return std::unexpected(error_code::lack);
  }
  if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 1) {
    return static_cast<T>(p[1]);
  } else if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 2) {
    return static_cast<T>((p[1] << 8) | p[2]);
  } else if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 4) {
    uint8_t buf[] = {p[4], p[3], p[2], p[1]};
    T val;
    __builtin_memcpy(&val, buf, sizeof(T));
    return val;
  } else if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 8) {
    uint8_t buf[] = {p[8], p[7], p[6], p[5], p[4], p[3], p[2], p[1]};
    T val;
    __builtin_memcpy(&val, buf, sizeof(T));
    return val;
  } else {
    return std::unexpected(error_code::invalid);
  }
}

struct body_info {
  int header;     // bytes before the body (includes format byte + length fields + ext type byte)
  uint32_t body;  // body size in bytes (0 for containers, computed for variable-length)
};

inline result<body_info> get_body_info(const uint8_t *p, int size) {
  if (size < 1) return std::unexpected(error_code::empty);
  uint8_t b = p[0];

  using namespace format;

  if (is_positive_fixint(b))  return body_info{1, 0};
  if (is_negative_fixint(b))  return body_info{1, 0};
  if (is_fixmap(b))           return body_info{1, 0}; // container
  if (is_fixarray(b))         return body_info{1, 0}; // container
  if (is_fixstr(b))           return body_info{1, static_cast<uint32_t>(b & 0x1F)};

  switch (b) {
  case NIL: case FALSE: case TRUE:
    return body_info{1, 0};
  case NEVER_USED:
    return std::unexpected(error_code::invalid);

  case BIN8:  { auto n = body_number<uint8_t>(p, size);  if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return body_info{1+1, *n}; }
  case BIN16: { auto n = body_number<uint16_t>(p, size); if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return body_info{1+2, *n}; }
  case BIN32: { auto n = body_number<uint32_t>(p, size); if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return body_info{1+4, *n}; }

  case EXT8:  { auto n = body_number<uint8_t>(p, size);  if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return body_info{1+1+1, *n}; }
  case EXT16: { auto n = body_number<uint16_t>(p, size); if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return body_info{1+2+1, *n}; }
  case EXT32: { auto n = body_number<uint32_t>(p, size); if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return body_info{1+4+1, *n}; }

  case FLOAT32: return body_info{1, 4};
  case FLOAT64: return body_info{1, 8};
  case UINT8:   return body_info{1, 1};
  case UINT16:  return body_info{1, 2};
  case UINT32:  return body_info{1, 4};
  case UINT64:  return body_info{1, 8};
  case INT8:    return body_info{1, 1};
  case INT16:   return body_info{1, 2};
  case INT32:   return body_info{1, 4};
  case INT64:   return body_info{1, 8};

  case FIXEXT1:  return body_info{1+1, 1};
  case FIXEXT2:  return body_info{1+1, 2};
  case FIXEXT4:  return body_info{1+1, 4};
  case FIXEXT8:  return body_info{1+1, 8};
  case FIXEXT16: return body_info{1+1, 16};

  case STR8:  { auto n = body_number<uint8_t>(p, size);  if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return body_info{1+1, *n}; }
  case STR16: { auto n = body_number<uint16_t>(p, size); if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return body_info{1+2, *n}; }
  case STR32: { auto n = body_number<uint32_t>(p, size); if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return body_info{1+4, *n}; }

  case ARRAY16: case ARRAY32:
  case MAP16: case MAP32:
    return body_info{1 + (b == ARRAY16 || b == MAP16 ? 2 : 4), 0}; // container

  default:
    return std::unexpected(error_code::invalid);
  }
}

class packer {
public:
  using buffer = std::vector<std::uint8_t>;

private:
  std::shared_ptr<buffer> m_buffer;

  template <typename T> void push_big_endian(T n) {
    auto p = reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t *>(&n) + (sizeof(T) - 1);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(T); ++i, --p) {
      m_buffer->push_back(*p);
    }
  }

  template <class Range> void push(const Range &r) {
    m_buffer->insert(m_buffer->end(), std::begin(r), std::end(r));
  }

public:
  packer() : m_buffer(std::make_shared<buffer>()) {}
  packer(const std::shared_ptr<buffer> &buf) : m_buffer(buf) {}

  packer(const packer &) = delete;
  packer &operator=(const packer &) = delete;

  using pack_result = result<std::reference_wrapper<packer>>;

  pack_result pack_nil() {
    m_buffer->push_back(format::NIL);
    return *this;
  }

  pack_result pack_bool(bool v) {
    m_buffer->push_back(v ? format::TRUE : format::FALSE);
    return *this;
  }

  template <typename T>
  pack_result pack_integer(T n) {
    if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<T>) {
      if (n >= 0 && n <= 0x7F) {
        m_buffer->push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(n));
      } else if (n >= -32 && n < 0) {
        m_buffer->push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(n));  // negative fixint
      } else if (n >= std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::min() && n <= std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::max()) {
        m_buffer->push_back(format::INT8);
        m_buffer->push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(n));
      } else if (n >= std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::min() && n <= std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::max()) {
        m_buffer->push_back(format::INT16);
        push_big_endian(static_cast<int16_t>(n));
      } else if (n >= std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min() && n <= std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()) {
        m_buffer->push_back(format::INT32);
        push_big_endian(static_cast<int32_t>(n));
      } else {
        m_buffer->push_back(format::INT64);
        push_big_endian(static_cast<int64_t>(n));
      }
    } else {
      if (n <= 0x7F) {
        m_buffer->push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(n));
      } else if (n <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()) {
        m_buffer->push_back(format::UINT8);
        m_buffer->push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(n));
      } else if (n <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()) {
        m_buffer->push_back(format::UINT16);
        push_big_endian(static_cast<uint16_t>(n));
      } else if (n <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
        m_buffer->push_back(format::UINT32);
        push_big_endian(static_cast<uint32_t>(n));
      } else {
        m_buffer->push_back(format::UINT64);
        push_big_endian(static_cast<uint64_t>(n));
      }
    }
    return *this;
  }

  pack_result pack_float(float n) {
    m_buffer->push_back(format::FLOAT32);
    push_big_endian(n);
    return *this;
  }

  pack_result pack_double(double n) {
    m_buffer->push_back(format::FLOAT64);
    push_big_endian(n);
    return *this;
  }

  template <class Range>
  pack_result pack_str(const Range &r) {
    auto sz = static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(std::begin(r), std::end(r)));
    if (sz < 32) {
      m_buffer->push_back(format::FIXSTR_MIN | static_cast<uint8_t>(sz));
    } else if (sz <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()) {
      m_buffer->push_back(format::STR8);
      m_buffer->push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(sz));
    } else if (sz <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()) {
      m_buffer->push_back(format::STR16);
      push_big_endian(static_cast<uint16_t>(sz));
    } else if (sz <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
      m_buffer->push_back(format::STR32);
      push_big_endian(static_cast<uint32_t>(sz));
    } else {
      return std::unexpected(error_code::overflow);
    }
    push(r);
    return *this;
  }

  pack_result pack_str(const char *s) {
    return pack_str(std::string_view(s));
  }

  template <class Range>
  pack_result pack_bin(const Range &r) {
    auto sz = static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(std::begin(r), std::end(r)));
    if (sz <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()) {
      m_buffer->push_back(format::BIN8);
      m_buffer->push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(sz));
    } else if (sz <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()) {
      m_buffer->push_back(format::BIN16);
      push_big_endian(static_cast<uint16_t>(sz));
    } else if (sz <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
      m_buffer->push_back(format::BIN32);
      push_big_endian(static_cast<uint32_t>(sz));
    } else {
      return std::unexpected(error_code::overflow);
    }
    push(r);
    return *this;
  }

  pack_result pack_array(size_t n) {
    if (n <= 15) {
      m_buffer->push_back(format::FIXARRAY_MIN | static_cast<uint8_t>(n));
    } else if (n <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()) {
      m_buffer->push_back(format::ARRAY16);
      push_big_endian(static_cast<uint16_t>(n));
    } else if (n <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
      m_buffer->push_back(format::ARRAY32);
      push_big_endian(static_cast<uint32_t>(n));
    } else {
      return std::unexpected(error_code::overflow);
    }
    return *this;
  }

  pack_result pack_map(size_t n) {
    if (n <= 15) {
      m_buffer->push_back(format::FIXMAP_MIN | static_cast<uint8_t>(n));
    } else if (n <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()) {
      m_buffer->push_back(format::MAP16);
      push_big_endian(static_cast<uint16_t>(n));
    } else if (n <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
      m_buffer->push_back(format::MAP32);
      push_big_endian(static_cast<uint32_t>(n));
    } else {
      return std::unexpected(error_code::overflow);
    }
    return *this;
  }

  template <class Range>
  pack_result pack_ext(char type, const Range &r) {
    auto sz = static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(std::begin(r), std::end(r)));

    switch (sz) {
    case 1:  m_buffer->push_back(format::FIXEXT1);  break;
    case 2:  m_buffer->push_back(format::FIXEXT2);  break;
    case 4:  m_buffer->push_back(format::FIXEXT4);  break;
    case 8:  m_buffer->push_back(format::FIXEXT8);  break;
    case 16: m_buffer->push_back(format::FIXEXT16); break;
    default:
      if (sz <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()) {
        m_buffer->push_back(format::EXT8);
        m_buffer->push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(sz));
      } else if (sz <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()) {
        m_buffer->push_back(format::EXT16);
        push_big_endian(static_cast<uint16_t>(sz));
      } else if (sz <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
        m_buffer->push_back(format::EXT32);
        push_big_endian(static_cast<uint32_t>(sz));
      } else {
        return std::unexpected(error_code::overflow);
      }
    }
    m_buffer->push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(type));
    push(r);
    return *this;
  }

  template <typename T>
    requires std::is_integral_v<T> && (!std::is_same_v<T, bool>)
  pack_result pack(T n) { return pack_integer(n); }

  pack_result pack(bool v)        { return pack_bool(v); }
  pack_result pack(float v)       { return pack_float(v); }
  pack_result pack(double v)      { return pack_double(v); }
  pack_result pack(const char *v) { return pack_str(v); }
  pack_result pack(std::string_view v) { return pack_str(v); }
  pack_result pack(const std::string &v) { return pack_str(v); }

  pack_result pack(const std::vector<uint8_t> &v) { return pack_bin(v); }

  template <typename T>
    requires (!std::is_same_v<T, uint8_t>)
  pack_result pack(const std::vector<T> &v) {
    auto r = pack_array(v.size());
    if (!r) return r;
    for (auto& elem : v) {
      r = r->get().pack(elem);
      if (!r) return r;
    }
    return r;
  }

  template <size_t N>
  pack_result pack(const std::array<uint8_t, N> &v) { return pack_bin(v); }

  template <typename... Ts>
  pack_result pack(const std::tuple<Ts...> &t) {
    auto r = pack_array(sizeof...(Ts));
    if (!r) return r;
    return pack_tuple_elements(t, std::index_sequence_for<Ts...>{});
  }

  template <typename T>
    requires requires(const T &v) { { T::ext_id } -> std::convertible_to<int8_t>; v.as_tuple(); }
  pack_result pack(const T &v) {
    packer inner;
    auto r = inner.pack(v.as_tuple());
    if (!r) return r;
    return pack_ext(T::ext_id, inner.get_payload());
  }

  template <typename T>
    requires (requires(const T &v) { v.as_tuple(); } && !requires { { T::ext_id } -> std::convertible_to<int8_t>; })
  pack_result pack(const T &v) {
    return pack(v.as_tuple());
  }

private:
  template <typename Tuple, size_t... Is>
  pack_result pack_tuple_elements(const Tuple &t, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
    pack_result r = *this;
    ((r = r ? r->get().pack(std::get<Is>(t)) : r), ...);
    return r;
  }

public:
  const buffer &get_payload() const { return *m_buffer; }
};

class parser {
  const uint8_t *m_p = nullptr;
  int m_size = 0;

  result<uint8_t> header_byte() const {
    if (m_size < 1) return std::unexpected(error_code::empty);
    return m_p[0];
  }

public:
  parser() = default;

  parser(const std::vector<uint8_t> &v)
      : m_p(v.data()), m_size(static_cast<int>(v.size())) {}

  parser(const uint8_t *p, int size)
      : m_p(p), m_size(size < 0 ? 0 : size) {}

  bool is_empty() const { return m_size == 0; }
  const uint8_t *data() const { return m_p; }
  int size() const { return m_size; }

  result<parser> advance(int n) const {
    if (n > m_size) return std::unexpected(error_code::lack);
    return parser(m_p + n, m_size - n);
  }

  result<parser> next() const {
    auto hdr = header_byte();
    if (!hdr) return std::unexpected(hdr.error());

    if (is_array()) {
      auto info = get_body_info(m_p, m_size);
      if (!info) return std::unexpected(info.error());
      auto cnt = count();
      if (!cnt) return std::unexpected(cnt.error());
      auto cur = advance(info->header);
      if (!cur) return std::unexpected(cur.error());
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < *cnt; ++i) {
        auto n = cur->next();
        if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error());
        cur = *n;
      }
      return *cur;
    } else if (is_map()) {
      auto info = get_body_info(m_p, m_size);
      if (!info) return std::unexpected(info.error());
      auto cnt = count();
      if (!cnt) return std::unexpected(cnt.error());
      auto cur = advance(info->header);
      if (!cur) return std::unexpected(cur.error());
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < *cnt; ++i) {
        auto k = cur->next();
        if (!k) return std::unexpected(k.error());
        cur = *k;
        auto v = cur->next();
        if (!v) return std::unexpected(v.error());
        cur = *v;
      }
      return *cur;
    } else {
      auto info = get_body_info(m_p, m_size);
      if (!info) return std::unexpected(info.error());
      auto total = info->header + static_cast<int>(info->body);
      return advance(total);
    }
  }

  bool is_nil() const {
    auto h = header_byte();
    return h && *h == format::NIL;
  }

  bool is_bool() const {
    auto h = header_byte();
    return h && (*h == format::TRUE || *h == format::FALSE);
  }

  bool is_number() const {
    auto h = header_byte();
    if (!h) return false;
    uint8_t b = *h;
    if (format::is_positive_fixint(b)) return true;
    if (format::is_negative_fixint(b)) return true;
    return b >= format::FLOAT32 && b <= format::INT64;
  }

  bool is_string() const {
    auto h = header_byte();
    if (!h) return false;
    uint8_t b = *h;
    if (format::is_fixstr(b)) return true;
    return b == format::STR8 || b == format::STR16 || b == format::STR32;
  }

  bool is_binary() const {
    auto h = header_byte();
    if (!h) return false;
    uint8_t b = *h;
    return b == format::BIN8 || b == format::BIN16 || b == format::BIN32;
  }

  bool is_ext() const {
    auto h = header_byte();
    if (!h) return false;
    uint8_t b = *h;
    return (b >= format::FIXEXT1 && b <= format::FIXEXT16) ||
           b == format::EXT8 || b == format::EXT16 || b == format::EXT32;
  }

  bool is_array() const {
    auto h = header_byte();
    if (!h) return false;
    uint8_t b = *h;
    if (format::is_fixarray(b)) return true;
    return b == format::ARRAY16 || b == format::ARRAY32;
  }

  bool is_map() const {
    auto h = header_byte();
    if (!h) return false;
    uint8_t b = *h;
    if (format::is_fixmap(b)) return true;
    return b == format::MAP16 || b == format::MAP32;
  }


  result<bool> get_bool() const {
    auto h = header_byte();
    if (!h) return std::unexpected(h.error());
    if (*h == format::TRUE) return true;
    if (*h == format::FALSE) return false;
    return std::unexpected(error_code::type_error);
  }

  result<std::string_view> get_string() const {
    auto h = header_byte();
    if (!h) return std::unexpected(h.error());
    uint8_t b = *h;
    size_t offset, len;
    if (format::is_fixstr(b)) {
      len = b & 0x1F;
      offset = 1;
    } else if (b == format::STR8) {
      auto n = body_number<uint8_t>(m_p, m_size);
      if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error());
      len = *n; offset = 1 + 1;
    } else if (b == format::STR16) {
      auto n = body_number<uint16_t>(m_p, m_size);
      if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error());
      len = *n; offset = 1 + 2;
    } else if (b == format::STR32) {
      auto n = body_number<uint32_t>(m_p, m_size);
      if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error());
      len = *n; offset = 1 + 4;
    } else {
      return std::unexpected(error_code::type_error);
    }
    if (static_cast<int>(offset + len) > m_size) {
      return std::unexpected(error_code::lack);
    }
    return std::string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m_p + offset), len);
  }

  result<std::string_view> get_binary_view() const {
    auto h = header_byte();
    if (!h) return std::unexpected(h.error());
    uint8_t b = *h;
    size_t offset, len;

    if (b == format::BIN8) {
      auto n = body_number<uint8_t>(m_p, m_size);
      if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error());
      len = *n; offset = 1 + 1;
    } else if (b == format::BIN16) {
      auto n = body_number<uint16_t>(m_p, m_size);
      if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error());
      len = *n; offset = 1 + 2;
    } else if (b == format::BIN32) {
      auto n = body_number<uint32_t>(m_p, m_size);
      if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error());
      len = *n; offset = 1 + 4;
    } else {
      return std::unexpected(error_code::type_error);
    }
    if (static_cast<int>(offset + len) > m_size) {
      return std::unexpected(error_code::lack);
    }
    return std::string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m_p + offset), len);
  }

  result<std::tuple<int8_t, std::string_view>> get_ext() const {
    auto h = header_byte();
    if (!h) return std::unexpected(h.error());
    uint8_t b = *h;
    int8_t ext_type;
    size_t data_offset, data_len;

    switch (b) {
    case format::FIXEXT1:  ext_type = m_p[1]; data_offset = 2; data_len = 1;  break;
    case format::FIXEXT2:  ext_type = m_p[1]; data_offset = 2; data_len = 2;  break;
    case format::FIXEXT4:  ext_type = m_p[1]; data_offset = 2; data_len = 4;  break;
    case format::FIXEXT8:  ext_type = m_p[1]; data_offset = 2; data_len = 8;  break;
    case format::FIXEXT16: ext_type = m_p[1]; data_offset = 2; data_len = 16; break;
    case format::EXT8: {
      auto n = body_number<uint8_t>(m_p, m_size);
      if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error());
      ext_type = m_p[2]; data_offset = 3; data_len = *n;
      break;
    }
    case format::EXT16: {
      auto n = body_number<uint16_t>(m_p, m_size);
      if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error());
      ext_type = m_p[3]; data_offset = 4; data_len = *n;
      break;
    }
    case format::EXT32: {
      auto n = body_number<uint32_t>(m_p, m_size);
      if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error());
      ext_type = m_p[5]; data_offset = 6; data_len = *n;
      break;
    }
    default:
      return std::unexpected(error_code::type_error);
    }
    if (static_cast<int>(data_offset + data_len) > m_size) {
      return std::unexpected(error_code::lack);
    }
    return std::tuple{ext_type,
                      std::string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m_p + data_offset), data_len)};
  }

  template <typename T>
  result<T> get_number() const {
    auto h = header_byte();
    if (!h) return std::unexpected(h.error());
    uint8_t b = *h;

    if (format::is_positive_fixint(b)) return static_cast<T>(b);
    if (format::is_negative_fixint(b)) return static_cast<T>(static_cast<int8_t>(b));

    switch (b) {
    case format::UINT8:   { auto n = body_number<uint8_t>(m_p, m_size);  if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return static_cast<T>(*n); }
    case format::UINT16:  { auto n = body_number<uint16_t>(m_p, m_size); if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return static_cast<T>(*n); }
    case format::UINT32:  { auto n = body_number<uint32_t>(m_p, m_size); if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return static_cast<T>(*n); }
    case format::UINT64:  { auto n = body_number<uint64_t>(m_p, m_size); if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return static_cast<T>(*n); }
    case format::INT8:    { auto n = body_number<int8_t>(m_p, m_size);   if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return static_cast<T>(*n); }
    case format::INT16:   { auto n = body_number<int16_t>(m_p, m_size);  if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return static_cast<T>(*n); }
    case format::INT32:   { auto n = body_number<int32_t>(m_p, m_size);  if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return static_cast<T>(*n); }
    case format::INT64:   { auto n = body_number<int64_t>(m_p, m_size);  if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return static_cast<T>(*n); }
    case format::FLOAT32: { auto n = body_number<float>(m_p, m_size);    if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return static_cast<T>(*n); }
    case format::FLOAT64: { auto n = body_number<double>(m_p, m_size);   if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return static_cast<T>(*n); }
    default:
      return std::unexpected(error_code::type_error);
    }
  }

  result<uint32_t> count() const {
    auto h = header_byte();
    if (!h) return std::unexpected(h.error());
    uint8_t b = *h;

    if (format::is_fixarray(b)) return static_cast<uint32_t>(b & 0x0F);
    if (format::is_fixmap(b))   return static_cast<uint32_t>(b & 0x0F);

    switch (b) {
    case format::ARRAY16: { auto n = body_number<uint16_t>(m_p, m_size); if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return static_cast<uint32_t>(*n); }
    case format::ARRAY32: { auto n = body_number<uint32_t>(m_p, m_size); if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return *n; }
    case format::MAP16:   { auto n = body_number<uint16_t>(m_p, m_size); if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return static_cast<uint32_t>(*n); }
    case format::MAP32:   { auto n = body_number<uint32_t>(m_p, m_size); if (!n) return std::unexpected(n.error()); return *n; }
    default:
      return std::unexpected(error_code::type_error);
    }
  }

  result<parser> first_item() const {
    if (!is_array() && !is_map()) return std::unexpected(error_code::type_error);
    auto info = get_body_info(m_p, m_size);
    if (!info) return std::unexpected(info.error());
    return advance(info->header);
  }

  parser operator[](int index) const {
    auto cur = first_item();
    if (!cur) return {};
    for (int i = 0; i < index; ++i) {
      auto n = cur->next();
      if (!n) return {};
      cur = *n;
    }
    return *cur;
  }
};

template <typename T>
  requires std::is_integral_v<T> && (!std::is_same_v<T, bool>)
result<parser> unpack(const parser &p, T &out) {
  auto v = p.get_number<T>();
  if (!v) return std::unexpected(v.error());
  out = *v;
  return p.next();
}

inline result<parser> unpack(const parser &p, bool &out) {
  auto v = p.get_bool();
  if (!v) return std::unexpected(v.error());
  out = *v;
  return p.next();
}

inline result<parser> unpack(const parser &p, std::string_view &out) {
  auto v = p.get_string();
  if (!v) return std::unexpected(v.error());
  out = *v;
  return p.next();
}

inline result<parser> unpack(const parser &p, std::string &out) {
  auto v = p.get_string();
  if (!v) return std::unexpected(v.error());
  out = std::string(v->data(), v->size());
  return p.next();
}

template <size_t N>
result<parser> unpack(const parser &p, std::array<uint8_t, N> &out) {
  auto v = p.get_binary_view();
  if (!v) return std::unexpected(v.error());
  if (v->size() != N) return std::unexpected(error_code::type_error);
  std::copy(v->begin(), v->end(), out.begin());
  return p.next();
}

inline result<parser> unpack(const parser &p, std::vector<uint8_t> &out) {
  auto v = p.get_binary_view();
  if (!v) return std::unexpected(v.error());
  out.assign(v->begin(), v->end());
  return p.next();
}

template <typename T>
  requires (!std::is_same_v<T, uint8_t>)
result<parser> unpack(const parser &p, std::vector<T> &out) {
  auto cnt = p.count();
  if (!cnt) return std::unexpected(cnt.error());
  out.resize(*cnt);
  result<parser> cur = p.first_item();
  for (size_t i = 0; i < *cnt; i++) {
    if (!cur) return cur;
    cur = unpack(*cur, out[i]);
  }
  if (!cur) return cur;
  return p.next();
}

template <typename... Ts, size_t... Is>
result<parser> unpack_tuple_elements(const parser &p, std::tuple<Ts...> &t, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
  result<parser> cur = p.first_item();
  if (!cur) return cur;
  ((cur = cur ? unpack(*cur, std::get<Is>(t)) : cur), ...);
  return cur;
}

template <typename... Ts>
result<parser> unpack(const parser &p, std::tuple<Ts...> &t) {
  auto cnt = p.count();
  if (!cnt) return std::unexpected(cnt.error());
  if (*cnt != sizeof...(Ts)) return std::unexpected(error_code::type_error);
  auto r = unpack_tuple_elements(p, t, std::index_sequence_for<Ts...>{});
  if (!r) return r;
  return p.next();
}

template <typename T>
  requires (requires(T &v) { v.as_tuple(); } && !requires { { T::ext_id } -> std::convertible_to<int8_t>; })
result<parser> unpack(const parser &p, T &out) {
  auto tup = out.as_tuple();
  auto cnt = p.count();
  if (!cnt) return std::unexpected(cnt.error());
  if (*cnt != std::tuple_size_v<decltype(tup)>) return std::unexpected(error_code::type_error);
  auto r = unpack_tuple_elements(p, tup, std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<decltype(tup)>>{});
  if (!r) return r;
  return p.next();
}

template <typename T>
  requires requires(T &v) { { T::ext_id } -> std::convertible_to<int8_t>; v.as_tuple(); }
result<parser> unpack(const parser &p, T &out) {
  auto ext = p.get_ext();
  if (!ext) return std::unexpected(ext.error());
  auto [ext_type, ext_data] = *ext;
  if (ext_type != T::ext_id) return std::unexpected(error_code::type_error);
  parser inner(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(ext_data.data()),
               static_cast<int>(ext_data.size()));
  auto tup = out.as_tuple();
  auto r = unpack_tuple_elements(inner, tup, std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<decltype(tup)>>{});
  if (!r) return r;
  return p.next();
}

} // namespace msgpack